000 02401nab a2200289 a 4500
005 20210219162354.0
008 991125s1985 mx 000 0 spa u
035 _aUPN01000202864
049 _aART
100 1 _aYoeli, Erez
100 1 _aHoffman, Moshe
100 1 _aRand, David G
100 1 _aNowak, Martin A
100 1 _umartin_nowak@harvard.edu
222 0 _aLUDUS VITALIS : REVISTA DE FILOSOFIA DE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA
245 0 0 _aEncender la reciprocidad indirecta en un experimento de campo a gran escala
260 _aMéxico
300 _a273-291
362 0 _a2013 Volumen 21, número 40
520 _aA defining aspect of human cooperation is the use of sophisticated indirect reciprocity. We observe others, talk about others, and act accordingly. We help those who help others, and we cooperate expecting that others will cooperate in return. Indirect reciprocity is based on reputation, which spreads by communication. A crucial aspect of indirect reciprocity is observability: reputation effects can support cooperation as long as peoples’ actions can be observed by others. In evolutionary models of indirect reciprocity, natural selection favors cooperation when observability is sufficiently high. Complimenting this theoretical work are experiments where observability promotes cooperation among small groups playing games in the laboratory. Until now, however, there has been little evidence of observability’s power to promote large-scale cooperation in real world settings. Here we provide such evidence using a field study involving 2,413 subjects. We collaborated with a utility company to study participation in a program designed to prevent blackouts. We show that observability triples participation in this public goods game. The effect is over four times larger than offering a $25 monetary incentive, the company’s previous policy. Furthermore, as predicted by indirect reciproc­ity, we provide evidence that reputational concerns are driving our observability effect. In sum, we show how indirect reciprocity can be harnessed to increase cooperation in a relevant, real-world public goods game
653 0 _aJUEGO
653 0 _aCOOPERACION
653 0 _aRECIPROCIDAD DIRECTA
653 0 _aRECIPROCIDAD INDIRECTA
856 4 _uhttp://www.centrolombardo.edu.mx/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/40-14_yoeli_et_al.pdf
905 _aArticulo
999 _c174965
_d174965